Civil engineering knowledge

Best Uses for Solvent Cement https://askciviltech.blogspot.com/2020/07/cement-plaster-or-gypsum-plaster-which.html   Solvent cement can be used in various ways when you are working on a pipeline at home. When you are working with PVC plumbing pipes in your home, you can use this cement to fix new fixator connections, new pipes, or even some types of plumbing pipe damage. This cement is not suitable for use with iron or copper water pipes; However, this can make it much easier to work with ABS or PVC plastic water pipes. Here are some ideas about using solvent cement effectively. Repair loose pvc pipe fittings and connections If you have a drainpipe located under a kitchen, bathroom or laundry sink that has worked its way up, and the drainpipe is made of PVC plastic, you can easily use solvent cement to fix the problem Huh. One reason that solvent cement does not adhere properly to PVC pipe or fittings is the lack of a good PVC primer. So, before you use solvent cement to fix the lo...

  CONCRETE POURING IN RAIN https://askciviltech.blogspot.com/2020/06/knowledge-of-cement-concrete-behaviour.html CONCRETE POURING:- Water is a major component of all concrete. which is mixed with cement and causes it to hydrate and regain strength.  After concrete is laid water can do more harm than good as driving rain. Pouring concrete in the rain can compromise its strength, leading to increased tendency to dust and scaling. Once damage is done. it can be difficult to fix and will often ruin the appearance of the finished surface. Do not let it rain on your parade. Here are some tips to prevent and prevent rain-damaged concrete. Advice for pouring concrete in the rain Despite modern weather forecasting techniques and radar maps, an unexpected rain shower can develop without warning, especially during the hottest months of the year. If rain is in the forecast, you should postpone pouring a large concrete until conditions improve. Even if rain is not predicted you should...

Cement Plaster vs Gypsum Plaster https://askciviltech.blogspot.com/2020/06/knowledge-of-cement-concrete-behaviour.html     The rich contribution of plaster to the beauty and preservation of the surface of the walls need hardly be debated. The most popular types of plaster used for building construction are cement and gypsum plaster. This ointments are used for external and internal plastering of the building.  They form a protective layer that covers stone and brick masonry with RCC walls and ceilings. Additionally, wall plastering is effective in leveling wall and ceiling surfaces, Gypsum and cement are also used to make textures or plaster and finishes. cement plaster:- Cement plaster is a homogeneous mixture made of Portland cement, sand, and water. The thickness of cement plaster is usually between 12 and 20 millimeters, depending on the type of wall or roof surface that needs to be plastered. Note: A rich cement plaster mixture is obtained by mixing one part  Th...

Basic civil engineering interview questions Minimum spacing between chairs is 1 metre sand used in India obtained from Ennore ( Tamil Nadu) Concrete cube is filled in 3 layers Minimum percentage of steel in column is 0.8 % of gross area 1 yard is equal to 3 feet Slump cone field in 4 layers Binding wire required of 1 metric ton is 8 kg to 10 kg Technical name of binding wire is Annealed wire What is ties ? Ties are transverse reinforcement of column What is stirrups ? Stirrups is transverse reinforcement of beam What are the concrete test ? Slump test Compressive strength test Water permeability test Water absorption test Type of slumps True slumps -   the concrete mass after the test when slumps evenly all around without disintegration is called TRUE slump . Shear slump - when one half of the concrete mass slide down the other is called   Shear slump. This type of slope obtained in a lean concrete mix Collapse slump - when the sample is collapse due to addin...

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING QUESTION What is IRC? Indian road Congress What is coefficient of longitudinal friction ? Coefficient of longitudinal friction is 0.35 to 0.4     Speed.                     Friction       20-30km/h.                0.40      40km/h.                       0.38       50km/h.                     0.37       60km/h.                    0.36       65km/h.                    0.36        80km/h.                   0.35       100km/h.                  0.35 What is...

Road construction take long time ? Because From rugged dirt paths to modern super highways roads are one of those consistent background characters in nearly every person’s story. And, if you’ve ever been a driver, I know another similar character in your life road construction. Most of us love having wide, smooth roadwaysto take us to work to home and everywhere else we travel. But, we’re hardly ever excited to see aconstruction project starting on our favorite roadway. I’m here to change that  or least to try. I love construction  always have and whenit happens along my commute, I love it even more because I get to see the slow but steady progress each day. And, I think  or at least I hope  that ifyou can know a little bit more about what’s going on behind those orange cones, you might appreciate it a little more as well. we’re talking about earthwork for roadways. The first roads in history were probably formedas people or animals followed the same trail long enoug...

In this Article I will discuss about behaviour of cement concrete using alternative materials. The requirement of concrete aggregate in India is large corresponding to currentannual production of cement of 300 million tons total requirement of coarse,and fine aggregate for use in cement concrete mortar and plasters of about1,500 metric tons per year is a safe estimate. there is difficulty inobtaining natural aggregates within economic distances. search for alternatesources of aggregates thus assumes importance. one such alternative isrecycled concrete aggregate derived from construction and demolition wastes, whichallow conservation of natural resources and land. aggregate in concrete constructions typically account for 75 percent of the total volume. the majorityof concrete constructions till date essentially resort to aggregatematerials derived from natural resources conforming to is 383.  However due to the need of conserving natural resources and issues relating to sustainabili...

Unit weight of concrete - RCC- 2500kg/cum & PCC - 2400kg/cum Steps involved in concrete process :- Batching Mixing Transporting Placing Compacting Trapezodial footing volume formula:-         (L*B*H)+{h/3*(A1+A2+√A1A2)} Standard list count of theodolite is 20' In plastering first coat is known as under coat What is the meaning of M50 ? M= mix 50= characteristic compressive strength of cube size is 150 mm *150 mm * 150 mm after 28 days of curing. Unit is N/sqmm Instrument used for specific gravity is  HYDROMETER Size of mould to check compressive strength of cement is 70.6mm* 70.6mm*70.6mm Main bar always a price of direction Distribution bar always apply longer direction Weight of concrete cube (150mm*150mm*150mm) = 8.1 kg

 What is segregation ? Separation of cement sand from aggregate in the concrete. water cement ratio is not proper or As per  IS code height  more than 1.5 meters also segregation. What is bleeding ? Water comes out to the surface of concrete is called bleeding.  It also a type of segregation.   Function of stirrups ? To regist shear force and positioning the main reinforcement. What is the function of foundation? To increase the suitability of structure. What is the 3 4 5 method ?  It is used to set up the plane at right angle. Full form of DPC ?  Damp proof course Minimum die of bored cast insitu pile ? As per IS 2911 part 1 section 2  =  450 mm. Factor used to convert weight to dry volume of concrete ?    Is 1.54   Example :-   if a column wet volume is 3 cum than the dry volume = 3* 1.54= 4.62 cum

What's cement ? Cement is an extremely ground material having adhesive and cohesive properties which provide a binding medium for the described ingredients. Cement can be manufacture by two process. Dry process ( modern technology ) Wet process (old technology ) All the cement plants set up after 1980 use the dry process for manufacturing of cement. Grade    of    cement ? 33 grade - mainly for plaster & masonry work 43 grade - mainly for RCC & RMC ( ready made concrete ) 53 grade- mainly for Bridge, road , subway How much cement bags in 1 cum :-  Density/ unit weight = 1440/ 50                                        = 28.8 bags Volume of bag in 1 cum  Volume* density = mass => V = 50/1440 => V = 0.0347cum Filed test of cement :- grey colour with a light greenish shade cement should feel smooth when touched between finger It should be free from ...

Hacking on column :- 50 nos in 1sqfeet or 500 nos in 1sqmeter Cover blocks center to center distance :- 600 mm to 1 meter Beam shall not have width less than 200mm For 750mm depth beam provide :- Side Face Reinforcement & also called STIFFNOR Width to depth ratio of beam should be more then 0.3 Yoke interval in column should be 600 m / 2feet Diameter of needle for compaction in column = 40mm Why   steel   always   circular ?       Because circular patterns stress distribution equally. What slope you will provide if you are constructing staircase according IS 456 ?   Answer :- 25° to 40° What's the least count of theodolite of compass ? Theodolite least count is 20 second Compass least count is 30 minute

Why   cover   blocks    used   in   Reinforcement :- To maintained specified distance between Rebars & shuttering. To protect Reinforcement from corrosion. To provide Thermal insulation. Lapping in Tension :-                 L = 50D to 60D (D= diameter of bars) Lapping in compression :-              L = 24D No. Of stirrups calculation :-     { Clear span/center to center spacing}+1 Minimum Hook length of stirrups :- 9D(90mm) Deflection means :- Temporary displacement Deformation means :- permanent displacement Stirrups hook angle should be 135° MS bar larger than 36mm diameter should not be lapped. if it's than welding is referred. No lapping should be placed in tension zone. The longitudinal bar should be bent at 90° & bent length should not be less than 18"or 1.5 feet. End hook angle of longitudinal bars of columns & beam should be 90° More than 50% ...

Concrete   cover   for   Reinforcement  :-  Footing   -  3" or 75mm Column   -  1.5" or 40mm Beam       -  1.5" or 40mm Slab          -  0.75" or 20mm Stair         -  0.75" or 20 mm Weight   of   steel   in   meter  :- D^2/162.2 kg/m W eight  of   steel   in   feet :- D^2/533 kg/ft Full length of a deformed MS bar is about 40feet or 12 meter TMT :-   Thermo mechanical treated bars TMX :-  Thermax Powered bar SD :-    Super Ductile bar HYSD:- High Yield strength deformed bar CTD :- Cold Twisted bar Basic civil engineering interview questions Civil engineering Interview questions at L&T Type of steel  :- Mild steel - characteristic strength is 250 N/sqmm Hysd - (i) Fe 415 = fy - 415N/sqmm             (ii) Fe500 = fy - 500N/sqmm Minimum number ...